| Question: | Which of the following routing protocols do support VLSM?
A. IS-IS
B. OSPF
C. RIPv2
D. EGP
E. BGP
F. IGRP
G. EIGRP
H. RIPv1
|
| Answer: | A. IS-IS
B. OSPF
C. RIPv2
E. BGP
G. EIGRP
|
| Explanation: | RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS and BGP do support VLSM. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following techniques do distance vector protocols use to avoid routing loops?
A. holddown
B. counting to infinity
C. hop count
D. split horizon
E. flooding
|
| Answer: | A. holddown
D. split horizon
|
| Explanation: | Distance vectors use the following techniques to avoid routing loops:
- Split horizon
- Poison reverse
- Holddown
- Triggered updates
- Aging of routes from the routing table
Counting to infinity is a condition that occurs when a route disappears from the network and is found in distance vector protocols but strictly speaking this is not a technique. |
|
| Question: | EIGRP uses what algorithm to determine path selection?
A. Bellman Ford
B. Dijkstra
C. Diffie-Hellman
D. Diffusing update algorithm
|
| Answer: | D. Diffusing update algorithm
|
| Explanation: | EIGRP uses DUAL or Diffusing Update Algorithm to make path selections. |
|
| Question: | How do we configure over NMBA in broadcast configuration?
A. interface serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map isis 123 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 123 broadcast
B. interface serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map clns 123 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 123 broadcast
C. interface serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map clns 123 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 123
D. interface serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map clns 123 frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 123
|
| Answer: | B. interface serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map clns 123 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 123 broadcast
|
| Explanation: | We are using the frame-relay map interface configuration command. The keyword IP is used to map the IP destination address to the DLCI and we define the interface as broadcast. Without the CLNS keyword no router appear in the IP routing table because IS-IS does not receive IS-IS frames to populate the IP routing table. |
|
| Question: | Which attributes are not required but if they are in an update all routers running BGP will recognize and act on the information contained?
A. Atomic Aggregate
B. Community
C. Origin
D. AS_Path
E. Next hop
F. Local Preference
G. Aggregator
|
| Answer: | A. Atomic Aggregate
F. Local Preference
|
| Explanation: | A well-known discretionary attribute is not required but when its present in an update all routers running BGP will recognize and act on the information contained. There are the following well-known discretionary attributes:
- local preference
- atomic aggregate |
|
| Question: | How do we redistribute a supernet in BGP without using the aggregate-address command?
A. By creating a static route for the supernet to Null0 and redistribute this route into BGP.
B. This can not be done because BGP does not support VLSM.
C. By redistributing the supernet into a dynamic routing protocol.
D. By creating a static route for the supernet to the BGP speaking router at the egress point of the AS and redistriute this route into BGP.
|
| Answer: | A. By creating a static route for the supernet to Null0 and redistribute this route into BGP.
|
| Explanation: | Using a static route for the supernet pointing to Null0 and then redistributing this into BGP will let BGP advertise this route to its peers. If how ever this route dissappears from the IGP routing table it will still be advertised from BGP and traffic for will enter into the AS but without a destination and travel around the AS untill the TTL is expired and the packet is dropped. |
|
| Question: | How do we configure a default route with administrative distance of 15?
A. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
B. ip default-network
C. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0/0 15
D. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 distance 15
|
| Answer: | C. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0/0 15
|
| Explanation: | One of the keywords on the ip route configuration command is adding a administrative distance to create a floating static route. |
|
| Question: | OSPF sends out the topology table every ___________ ?
A. 30 minutes
B. 60 minutes
C. 60 seconds
D. 90 minutes
E. 90 seconds
F. 30 seconds
|
| Answer: | A. 30 minutes
|
| Explanation: | OSPF exchanges the full topology table at least every 30 minutes between adjacent routers. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following describes best the synchronization rule in BGP?
A. A router cannot forward a route to an iBGP peer unless the route is in the local IP routing table.
B. A router is synchronized when the iBGP table is the same as the eBGP table.
C. A router can forward a route to an eBGP peer unless the route is in the local IP routing table.
D. A router cannot forward a route to an eBGP peer unless the route is in the local IP routing table.
E. A router can forward a route to an iBGP peer unless the route is in the local IP routing table.
|
| Answer: | D. A router cannot forward a route to an eBGP peer unless the route is in the local IP routing table.
|
| Explanation: | The synchronization rule states that a router cannot forward a route to an eBGP peer unless the route is in its local IP routing table. This requires the IGP and BGP to be synchronized and prevents BGP from advertising routes that the AS cannot direct to the destination. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following rules about policy based routing are true?
A. Policy based routing affects the destination of the packet.
B. Policy based routing examines the source address and should be configured on the inbound interface.
C. Policy based routing can influence how a packet will be routed in a neighboring AS.
D. Policy based routing examines the source address and should be configured on the outbound interface.
E. Policy based routing affects only the next hop in the path to the destination.
F. Policy based routing examines the destination address only and should be configured on the inbound interface.
|
| Answer: | B. Policy based routing examines the source address and should be configured on the inbound interface.
E. Policy based routing affects only the next hop in the path to the destination.
|
| Explanation: | Some rules of policy based routing:
- traffic can be directed on source address or both source & destination address
- affects only the next hop in the path to the destination
- does not affect the destination of the packet, only that path to get there
- does not allow traffic sent into another AS to take a different path from the one that would have been chosen by that AS
- it is possible to influence traffic how to get to a neighboring AS not how it will be routed within that AS
- examines the source address so its configured on the inbound interface |
|
| Question: | Given the following NSAP Address: 49.0005.80.0000a7.0000.ffdd.0004.1921.6801.1005.00 What is the system ID?
A. 0004.1921.6801.1005.00
B. 0004.1921.6801
C. 0005.80.0000a7.0000
D. 1921.6801.1005
E. 0004
F. 49
|
| Answer: | D. 1921.6801.1005
|
| Explanation: | The address is a GOSIP NSAP format:
49.0005.80.0000a7.0000.ffdd.0004.1921.6801.1005.00
__.____.__.______.____.____.____.______________.__
AFI.ICD.DFI.AAI.Reserved.RDI.Area.SystemID.SEL
AFI: Authority and Format Identifier
ICD: International Code Designator
DFI: Domain specific part (DSP) Format Identifier
AAI: Administrative Authority Identifier
RDI: Routing Domain Identifier (Autonomous System Number)
SEL: Network Service Access Point (NSAP) Selector
|
|
| Question: | Wich IS-IS show command will display the metric?
A. show isis database
B. show clns databse detail
C. show isis interface
D. show clns neighbor detail
E. show isis neighbor detail
F. show clns interface
|
| Answer: | F. show clns interface
|
| Explanation: | The show clns interface command will display the Level 1 and Level 2 metric of the outbound interface.
R1# show clns interface ethernet 0
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Checksums enabled, MTU 1497, Encapsulation SAP
Routing Protocol: ISIS
Circuit Type: level-1-2
Interface number 0x0, local circuit ID 0x1
Level-1 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: R2.01
Number of active level-1 adjacencies: 1
Level-2 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: R2.01
Number of active level-2 adjacencies: 1
Next ISIS LAN Level-1 Hello in 5 seconds
Next ISIS LAN Level-2 Hello in 1 seconds
|
|
| Question: | What is the function of a Level 2 IS-IS router?
A. To route traffic between Level 1/2 routers.
B. To locate the destination within an area.
C. To route traffic between areas.
D. To maintain the database.
|
| Answer: | C. To route traffic between areas.
|
| Explanation: | The function of a Level 2 router is to route traffic between areas. |
|
| Question: | Which EIGRP table is build using Hellos?
A. Topology table
B. Routing table
C. Link-state database.
D. Neighbor table
|
| Answer: | D. Neighbor table
|
| Explanation: | The neighbor table is build from information on Hellos received from adjacent routers (neighbors). |
|
| Question: | This state is reached when a router has sent out network packets and is waiting for ACKs from all its neighbors.
A. Dead
B. Stuck in Active
C. Active
D. Passive
|
| Answer: | C. Active
|
| Explanation: | When a router has send out network packets because of a topology change and no Feasible Successor was found it will wait for ACKs from its neighbors. The route is set to active mode. |
|
| Question: | In the EIGRP composite metric the K1 value represents?
A. Loading
B. MTU
C. Delay
D. Bandwidth
E. Reliability
|
| Answer: | D. Bandwidth
|
| Explanation: | The EIGRP Metrics are as follows:
| Symbol | Value | | K1 | Bandwidth | | K2 | Loading | | K3 | Delay | | K4 | Reliability | | K5 | MTU | |
|
| Question: | Which of the following do we find in the neighbor table in EIGRP?
A. Feasible Successors
B. Query
C. Reply
D. Hello time
E. Uptime
F. Smooth return-trip time
G. Holdtime
|
| Answer: | E. Uptime
F. Smooth return-trip time
G. Holdtime
|
| Explanation: | In the neighbor table we find:
- address of the neighbor
- interface where the Hellos was received
- holdtime
- uptime
- sequence number
- SRTT (smooth round-trip time)
- RTO (retransmission timeout)
|
|
| Question: | In order for EIGRP to make adjacencies which conditions have to be met?
A. The sending router must have a different AS number then the receiving one.
B. The metric settings need to be the same
C.
D. The data-link layer protocols must match.
E. The router must hear a Hello packet or ACK from the neighbor.
F. The SRTT must be lower then 10 milliseconds.
|
| Answer: | B. The metric settings need to be the same
E. The router must hear a Hello packet or ACK from the neighbor.
|
| Explanation: | In order for adjacencies to be formed the following conditions need to be met:
- The router must hear a Hello packet or an ACK from a neighbor
- The AS number in the packet header must be the same as that of the receiving router
- The metric settings need to be same. |
|
| Question: | When a route in the EIGRP topology goes down a __________ is sent when there is no FS.
A. ACK
B. Hello
C. Query
D. Update
|
| Answer: | C. Query
|
| Explanation: | Queries are sent out when a route in the topology table goes down and there is no feasible successor. |
|
| Question: | What could cause an EIGRP topology table to be recalculated?
A. The routing table has removed the routes from the topology table to be put in the routing table
B. The topology table received a reply or a query from a neighbor
C. The neighbor table received a reply or a query from a neighbor
D. The neighbor table does not receive a Hello within the holdtime
E. The topology table does not receive a Hello within the holdtime
|
| Answer: | B. The topology table received a reply or a query from a neighbor
D. The neighbor table does not receive a Hello within the holdtime
|
| Explanation: | The following reasons could cause a topology table to be recalculated: - New network is available
- topology table receives an update containing the new network
- interface for a directly connected EIGRP network comes online
- Successor is changed in the topology table and in the routing table
- topology table receives a reply or a query from a neighbor
- the cost of the link changes
- A change from a neighbor when a network has become unavailable
- topology table receives a query, reply or update the remote network is down
- neighbor table does not receive a Hello within the holdtime
- the network is directly connected and the router senses a loss of carrier |
|
| Question: | A router will be marked dead in EIGRP after _____ attempts of sending a unicast query.
A. 16
B. 15
C. 5
D. 30
E. 7
|
| Answer: | A. 16
|
| Explanation: | When a router does not hear an acknowledgment within the alloted time it will retransmit the qeury as a unicast. If after 16 attempts there is no reponse the neighbor will be marked as dead. |
|
| Question: | When can a neighbor become a feasible successor?
A. The topology table hold all routes so all neighbors are feasible successors.
B. If the feasible distance is lower then the advertised distance.
C. If the advertised distance is lower then the feasible distance.
D. If the RTO is lower then the RTP.
|
| Answer: | C. If the advertised distance is lower then the feasible distance.
|
| Explanation: | A neighbor can become a feasible successor only when its advertised distance is less than the feasible distance. This is DUALs key to remain loopfree. |
|
| Question: | This timer is used in EIGRP to determine how long the router waits for an ACK before retransmitting.
A. RTP
B. SRTT
C. RTO
D. Hello
|
| Answer: | C. RTO
|
| Explanation: | The RTO or ReTransmission Timeout is used to determine how long the router waits for an ACK before retransmitting the packet. This timer is calculated in reference to the SRTT (smooth Round-Trip Time). |
|
| Question: | EIGRP uses by default ______ % of the bandwidth.
A. 50
B. 25
C. 75
D. 100
E. 10
|
| Answer: | A. 50
|
| Explanation: | By default EIGRP uses 50% of the bandwidth of the link for its traffic, this value can be configured. |
|
| Question: | We want to see how many EIGRP Updates have been sent and received. Which command do we use?
A. show ip eigrp interfaces
B. show ip eigrp neigbors
C. show ip eigrp neigbors detail
D. show ip eigrp traffic
|
| Answer: | D. show ip eigrp traffic
|
| Explanation: | R1# show ip eigrp traffic
IP-EIGRP Traffic Statistics for process 10
Hellos sent/received: 175/165
Updates sent/received: 9/25
Queries sent/received: 4/0
Replies sent/received: 0/4
Acks sent/received: 15/10
|
|
| Question: | Which of the following messages will not use multicast in EIGRP?
A. Hello
B. Update
C. ACK
D. Query
|
| Answer: | C. ACK
|
| Explanation: | ACK are always sent unicast, it is a Hello packet with no data but the acknowledgment field has a positive number.
Updates can be multicast if there is a change in the topology and unicast if its a reply to a single router.
Hellos and Queries are always multicast. |
|
| Question: | In OSPF interarea summarization is communicated via which LSA(s)?
A. Type 7
B. Type 1
C. Type 2
D. Type 5
E. Type 4
F. Type 3
|
| Answer: | E. Type 4
F. Type 3
|
| Explanation: | LSA type 3 include the networks or subnets within an area that might have been summarized and that are sent to the backbone and between ABRs. Type 4 is information set to the ASBR from the ABR. |
|
| Question: | How do we change the time that Hellos are being sent?
A. R1(config)#router eigrp 10 R1(config-router)#hello-interval 25
B. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hello-timer eigrp 10 25
C. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp 10 25
D. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp 25
|
| Answer: | C. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp 10 25
|
| Explanation: | The ip hello-interval eigrp AS_number seconds interface configuration command will change the how often Hellos are sent to neighbors out of that interface. |
|
| Question: | Changing the bandwidth on an EIGRP enabled interface will have which of the following results?
A. Changes the state of interface
B. Changes the K3 value and therefore the metric calculation.
C. Changes the priority of EIGRP traffic sent over the link
D. Changes the K1 value and therefore the metric calculation.
E. Changes the amount of EIGRP traffic sent over the link
|
| Answer: | D. Changes the K1 value and therefore the metric calculation.
E. Changes the amount of EIGRP traffic sent over the link
|
| Explanation: | By changing the bandwidth statement on an EIGRP interface we change the K1 value and that will result in a new metric calculation. Beause by default EIGRP uses 50% of the available bandwidth for its own traffic that change will result in a change here as well. |
|
| Question: | What does r stand for in the output of show ip eigrp topology?
A. A query packet was sent to this destination
B. An update packet was sent to this destination
C. A reply packet was sent to this destination
D. A query has been sent and the router is waiting for a reply
|
| Answer: | D. A query has been sent and the router is waiting for a reply
|
| Explanation: | Lower case r in the show ip eigrp topology table means that the flag has been set by the software after a query packet was sent and the router is now waiting for a reply.
Router# show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for process 10
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - Reply status
P 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0, 2 successors, FD is 0
via 172.16.80.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet0
via 172.16.81.28 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet1
via 172.16.80.31 (46277376/46251776), Serial0
|
|
| Question: | Which of the following are components of EIGRP?
A. Authentication
B. Protocol-independent modules
C. Peer groups
D. Attributes
E. Protocol-dependent modules
F. Neighbor recovery
|
| Answer: | E. Protocol-dependent modules
F. Neighbor recovery
|
| Explanation: | Cisco identifies 4 main components of EIGRP:
- Protocol-dependent modules
- RTP
- Neighbor discovery
- Neighbor recovery
|
|
| Question: | Which of the following statements are true when configuring EIGRP over a NBMA network?
A. EIGRP aggregated traffic over all VCs can be more then the access line speed of the interface.
B. Bandwidth allocated to EIGRP must be the same in both directions on each VC.
C. Bandwidth allocated to EIGRP can be different in both directions on each VC.
D. EIGRP traffic should not exceed the CIR of the VC.
E. EIGRP traffic should not exceed the EIR of the VC.
|
| Answer: | B. Bandwidth allocated to EIGRP must be the same in both directions on each VC.
D. EIGRP traffic should not exceed the CIR of the VC.
|
| Explanation: | When configuring EIGRP over a NBMA cloud Cisco recommends you follow the following rules:
- EIGRP traffic should not exceed the CIR capacity of the VC
- EIGRP aggregated traffic over all VCs should not exceed the access line speed of the interface
- Bandwidth allocated to EIGRP on each VC must be the same in both directions |
|
| Question: | How do we verify if a remote router is configured as a stub with EIGRP?
A. show ip eigrp topology
B. show ip eigrp neighbor detail
C. show ip eigrp stub
D. show ip eigrp interface
E. show ip eigrp database
|
| Answer: | B. show ip eigrp neighbor detail
|
| Explanation: | Router# show ip eigrp neighbors detail
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq Tye
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 10.1.1.5 Et0/0 12 00:04:48 1832 5000 0 14
Version 12.2/1.2, Retrans:0, Retries:0
Restart time 00:01:05
Stub Peer Advertising ( CONNECTED SUMMARY ) Routes
|
|
| Question: | Which of the following keywords are not used with the EIGRP stub command?
A. no-summary
B. receive-only
C. total
D. connected
E. send-only
F. static
|
| Answer: | A. no-summary
C. total
E. send-only
|
| Explanation: | The EIGRP stub command has the following keywords:
- receive-only, the neighbor is a receive-only router
- connected, the neighbor advertises connected routes
- static, the neighbor advertises static routes
- summary, the neighbor advertises summary routes
|
|
| Question: | We want to change the time a router waits without hearing a Hello from the its neighbor before declaring it unavailable. How do we achieve this?
A. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip eigrp hold-interval 10 100
B. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hold-timer eigrp 10 100
C. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip eigrp hold-time 10 100
D. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hold-interval eigrp 10 100
E. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hold-time eigrp 10 100
|
| Answer: | E. R1(config)#interface ethernet 0 R1(config-if)#ip hold-time eigrp 10 100
|
| Explanation: | We use the ip hold-time eigrp AS_nr seconds interface configuration command to change the time a router waits without hearing a Hello from a neighbor before declaring that neighbor unavailable. |
|
| Question: | When can we turn off synchronization in BGP?
A. When the network is partial meshed.
B. When the network is not running an IGP.
C. When the local preference attribute is set.
D. When the network is fully meshed.
|
| Answer: | D. When the network is fully meshed.
|
| Explanation: | Synchronization can be turned off if the BGP network is fully meshed. |
|
| Question: | Which attribute is created by a route reflector?
A. Community
B. Multiple Exit Discriminator
C. Originator-ID
D. Origin
|
| Answer: | C. Originator-ID
|
| Explanation: | The optional nontransitive attribute Originator-ID is created by the route reflector. The attribute contains the RID of the router that originated the update and is used to prevent routing loops. |
|
| Question: | When would you not use BGP?
A. Your AS will be a transit domain.
B. There are limited resources on the router.
C. When you are using multiple ISPs.
D. There is a difference in routing policy between you and the ISP.
E. The routing policy between you and the ISP is the same.
|
| Answer: | B. There are limited resources on the router.
E. The routing policy between you and the ISP is the same.
|
| Explanation: | The following are some statements when not to use BGP:
- the organization and ISP use the same routing policy
- multiple redundant links to the ISP but only 1 link will be activated to connect to the Internet
- the routers have limited resources (CPU, memory)
- low bandwidth between the organization and ISP causing the additional routing overhead to interfere with the data |
|
| Question: | Which BGP message is used to inform a peer an error occured?
A. Notification
B. Open
C. Keepalive
D. Update
|
| Answer: | A. Notification
|
| Explanation: | BGP uses the notification message to inform the receiving router of errors that cause the connection to be closed. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following AS numbers are part of the private pool described by RFC 2270?
A. 65510
B. 65495
C. 65560
D. 32123
E. 56412
F. 6600
G. 19200
|
| Answer: | A. 65510
B. 65495
|
| Explanation: | The private AS pool ranges from 64512 - 65535. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following attributes are optional transitive?
A. Community
B. Cluster ID
C. Weight
D. AS_Path
E. Atomic aggregate
F. Aggregator
G. Originator ID
|
| Answer: | A. Community
F. Aggregator
|
| Explanation: | BGP has the following optional transitive attributes:
- Aggregator
- Community |
|
| Question: | Which command would produce the following output?
System Id SNPA Interface State Holdtime Type Protocol
0000.0000.0007 aa00.0400.6408 Ethernet0 Init 277 IS ES-IS
0000.0C00.0C35 0000.0c00.0c36 Ethernet1 Up 91 L1 IS-IS
0800.2B16.24EA aa00.0400.2d05 Ethernet0 Up 29 L1L2 IS-IS
0800.2B14.060E aa00.0400.9205 Ethernet0 Up 1698 ES ES-IS
0000.0C00.3E51 DLCI 123 Serial1 Up 28 L2 IS-IS
0000.0C00.62E6 0000.0c00.62e7 Ethernet1 Up 22 L1 IS-IS
0A00.0400.2D05 aa00.0400.2d05 Ethernet0 Init 24 IS ES-IS
A. show isis neighbors detail
B. show clns snpa
C. show isis neighbors
D. show clns neighbors detail
E. show clns neighbors
F. show isis snpa
|
| Answer: | E. show clns neighbors
|
| Explanation: | R1# show clns neighbors
System Id SNPA Interface State Holdtime Type Protocol
0000.0000.0007 aa00.0400.6408 Ethernet0 Init 277 IS ES-IS
0000.0C00.0C35 0000.0c00.0c36 Ethernet1 Up 91 L1 IS-IS
0800.2B16.24EA aa00.0400.2d05 Ethernet0 Up 29 L1L2 IS-IS
0800.2B14.060E aa00.0400.9205 Ethernet0 Up 1698 ES ES-IS
0000.0C00.3E51 DLCI 123 Serial1 Up 28 L2 IS-IS
0000.0C00.62E6 0000.0c00.62e7 Ethernet1 Up 22 L1 IS-IS 0A00.0400.2D05 aa00.0400.2d05 Ethernet0 Init 24 IS ES-IS |
|
| Question: | Looking at the following output:
R1# show isis database
IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
0000.0C00.0C35.00-00 0x0000000C 0x5696 792 0/0/0
0000.0C00.40AF.00-00* 0x00000009 0x8452 1077 1/0/0
0000.0C00.62E6.00-00 0x0000000A 0x38E7 383 0/0/0
0000.0C00.62E6.03-00 0x00000006 0x82BC 384 0/0/0
0800.2B16.24EA.00-00 0x00001D9F 0x8864 1188 1/0/0
0800.2B16.24EA.01-00 0x00001E36 0x0935 1198 1/0/0
IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL
0000.0C00.0C35.03-00 0x00000005 0x04C8 792 0/0/0
0000.0C00.3E51.00-00 0x00000007 0xAF96 758 0/0/0
0000.0C00.40AF.00-00* 0x0000000A 0x3AA9 1077 0/0/0A. That that entry comes from a Pseudonode
B. That that entry comes from a Level 1 only router
C. That that entry comes from a new router still in the process of forming the adjacency
D. That that entry comes from a Level 1-2 router
|
| Answer: | D. That that entry comes from a Level 1-2 router
|
| Explanation: | ATT represents the attach bit. It indicates that the router is also a Level 2 router and it can reach other areas. Level 1 routers use the presence of this bit to identify the closest Level 1-2 router to send their out-of-area data. |
|
| Question: | How can we simplify configuration of multiple neighbors?
A. R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests peer-group R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests update-source loopback 0 R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 123 R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 456 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 peer-group free-tests
B. R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 123 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 456
C. R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests peer-group R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests update-source loopback 0 R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 123 peer-group R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 456 peer-group
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor peer-group free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 123 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 456
|
| Answer: | A. R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests peer-group R1(config-router)#neighbor free-tests update-source loopback 0 R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 123 R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group free-tests R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 456 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 peer-group free-tests
|
| Explanation: | We can simplify configuration by grouping neighbors that share the same update policy in a peer group.
To use a peer group we follow these steps:
- Create the peer group, neighbor peer_group_name peer-group
- Assign options to the peer group, neighbor peer_group_name option
- Make neighbors member of the peer group, neighbor IP_address peer-group peer_group_name |
|
| Question: | We want to advertise an aggregate route route for 170.0.0.0 but surpress any specific routes. How do we achieve this?
A. aggregate-address 170.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 only
B. summary-address 170.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
C. aggregate-address 170.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 summary-only
D. aggregate-address 170.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
|
| Answer: | C. aggregate-address 170.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 summary-only
|
| Explanation: | To advertise a summary route we use the aggregate-address IP_Address Mask command. Adding the summary-only keyword will surpress ther advertisment of more specific routes to all neighbors. |
|
| Question: | Which command will show the BGP routing table?
A. show ip route bgp
B. show ip bgp route
C. show bgp neighbors
D. show ip bgp
|
| Answer: | D. show ip bgp
|
| Explanation: | The show ip bgp command will display the BGP routing table. |
|
| Question: | Which command will show the BGP topology?
A. show ip bgp
B. show ip bgp topology
C. show ip bgp paths
D. show ip bgp database
|
| Answer: | C. show ip bgp paths
|
| Explanation: | The show ip bgp paths command will display the BGP topology. |
|
| Question: | Which command can we use to make sure that the source address of the route is the transmitting router in BGP?
A. neighbor IP_Address next-hop-self
B. neighbor IP_Address always
C. neighbor IP_Address mask mask next-hop-self
D. neighbor IP_Address remote-as next-hop-self
|
| Answer: | A. neighbor IP_Address next-hop-self
|
| Explanation: | The neighbor IP_Address next-hop-self router configuration command makes sure that the source address of the transmitting router will remain the same when the route is injected on a multiaccess network. |
|
| Question: | Besides having a fully meshed network what could be other reasons to turn off synchronization in BGP?
A. When all routers in the AS are running BGP.
B. When the AS is not a transist AS.
C. When the AS is a transit AS.
D. When the routers at the egress and ingress point are running BGP.
E. When no routes are redistributed into the AS.
|
| Answer: | A. When all routers in the AS are running BGP.
B. When the AS is not a transist AS.
|
| Explanation: | Synchronization can be turned off in BGP when:
- all routers in the AS run BGP
- the AS is not a transit AS
- all the routers inside the AS are meshed |
|
| Question: | How do we turn off synchronization in BGP?
A. R1(config-router)#no synchronization
B. R1(config-router)#no summarization
C. R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address no synchronization
E. R1(config-if)#no synchronization
|
| Answer: | A. R1(config-router)#no synchronization
|
| Explanation: | To turn off synchronization we use the no synchronization router configuration command. |
|
| Question: | When there are multiple route reflectors which attribute is used to identify the originating router?
A. Cluster-ID
B. MED
C. Origin
D. Originator-ID
E. AS_Path
|
| Answer: | A. Cluster-ID
|
| Explanation: | When there are multiple route reflectors in the cluster to provide redundancy the originating router is identified by the Cluster-ID attribute. This attribute is used to prevent routing loops. |
|
| Question: | When a router is configured to forward routing updates to neighbors or peers in the same BGP AS it is called a _____________ ?
A. confederation
B. BGP peering session
C. route reflector
D. adjacency
|
| Answer: | C. route reflector
|
| Explanation: | A route reflector is a router configured to forward routing updates to neighbors or peers within the same AS. |
|
| Question: | The split horizon rule in BGP states?
A. There is no split horizon rule in BGP since all neighbors are configured manually.
B. Updates learned from iBGP peers are not send to other iBGP peers.
C. Updates learned from eBGP peers are not send to other eBGP peers.
D. Only prefixes are redistributed to other iBGP systems.
|
| Answer: | B. Updates learned from iBGP peers are not send to other iBGP peers.
|
| Explanation: | The split horizon rule states that no updates learned from iBGP peers can be sent to other iBGP peers and therefore avoid routing loops. |
|
| Question: | What are benefits of the BGP synchronization rule?
A. reduces network resources
B. consistency within the AS
C. reduces routing updates
D. reduces unnecessary traffic
E. removes the need for an IGP
|
| Answer: | B. consistency within the AS
D. reduces unnecessary traffic
|
| Explanation: | A few benefits of synchronization are:
- prevents traffic from being forwarded to unreachable destinations
- reduces unnecessary traffic
- ensures consistency within the AS |
|
| Question: | When will an iBGP router propogate a route to a BGP neighbor?
A. When the route is redistributed from an IGP.
B. When the route is received from another iBGP router.
C. When the network command is used.
D. When the route is summarized.
E. When the route has the longest prefix match of all paths to the destination.
|
| Answer: | A. When the route is redistributed from an IGP.
C. When the network command is used.
|
| Explanation: | An iBGP router will propagate a route to another BGP neighbor when: - the advertised route was generated by the transmitting router via one of the following methods: - via the network command - redistributed from an IGP - redistributed static routes - the advertised route is a connected route |
|
| Question: | Which of the following are benefits of using route reflectors?
A. reduction of network traffic
B. no need for an IGP
C. faster convergence
D. no need for synchronization within the AS
|
| Answer: | A. reduction of network traffic
C. faster convergence
|
| Explanation: | Some benefits of route reflectors are: - improved scalability of the network - strong hierarchical design - reduction of network traffic - reduction of memory and CPU resources - faster convergence |
|
| Question: | How do we configure a route reflector?
A. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address route-reflector-client
B. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address route-reflector
C. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address route-reflector-client remote-as AS_number
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address route-reflector remote-as AS_number
E. R1(config-router)#network ip_address route-reflector-client remote-as AS_number
|
| Answer: | A. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address route-reflector-client
|
| Explanation: | To configure a route reflector we use the neighbor ip_address router-reflector-client router configuration command. |
|
| Question: | We want to send a full BGP update to a specific peer. How do we achieve this?
A. R1#clear ip bgp ip_address in
B. R1#clear ip bgp *
C. R1#clear ip route bgp
D. R1#clear ip bgp ip_address out
|
| Answer: | D. R1#clear ip bgp ip_address out
|
| Explanation: | In order to let the BGP routing process send a full update to a peer we use the clear ip bgp neighbor_address out command. |
|
| Question: | How do we configure the router so that BGP peering sessions are not torn down when new configurations are implemented?
A. R1(config-router)#neighbor neighbor_address soft-configuration inbound
B. R1(config-router)#neighbor neighbor_address soft-configuration
C. R1(config-router)#neighbor neighbor_address configuration inbound
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor neighbor_address soft-inbound
|
| Answer: | A. R1(config-router)#neighbor neighbor_address soft-configuration inbound
|
| Explanation: | We can configure BGP to store the prefixes before the policy application.
This requires more memory but allows new configurations to be implemented without tearing down the BGP peering sessions.
In order to achieve this we use the neighbor neighbor_address soft-configuration inbound router configuration command.
Because this is on a per-neighbor basis and only for inbound updates we use the inbound keyword. |
|
| Question: | Why would we use policy-based routing in BGP?
A. To reject or accept selected routes.
B. To set attributes to influence path selection.
C. To make decisions based on Next-Hop and Origin attribute.
D. To make decisions based on router resources.
|
| Answer: | A. To reject or accept selected routes.
B. To set attributes to influence path selection.
|
| Explanation: | Reasons for applying policy-based routing in BGP are:
- to make decision based on AS Path, Community or the prefix
- to reject or accept select routes
- to set attributes to influence the path selection |
|
| Question: | Which of the following statements are true about prefix lists?
A. There is no implicit deny at the bottom of every prefix list.
B. When there are multiple entries in the prefix list that match the prefix the highest sequence number is used.
C. If a route is permitted then the route is used.
D. A sequence number does not need to be specified when removing an entry.
E. Sequence numbers have to be manually configured.
|
| Answer: | C. If a route is permitted then the route is used.
D. A sequence number does not need to be specified when removing an entry.
|
| Explanation: | Prefix permitting or denying is based on the following rules:
- if the route is permitted it is used
- if the route is denied it is not used
- there is an implicit deny any at the bottom of every prefix list
- when multiple entries of a prefix list match a given prefix, the entry with the smallest sequence number is used
- the router begins the search for a match at the top of the prefix list, if a match is made the search stop
- sequence numbers are automatically generated by default
- sequence numbers do not need to be specified when removing a configuraton entry |
|
| Question: | Which prefix list parameter do we use when the prefix is greater than or equal to the value stated in the list?
A. le
B. len
C. ge
D. seq
|
| Answer: | C. ge
|
| Explanation: | The ge parameter is used if the prefix is greater than or equal to the value stated in the list. |
|
| Question: | We want to know if there are any matches against our configured prefix lists. Which command do we use?
A. show ip bgp prefix-list
B. show bgp prefix-list
C. show bgp prefix-list detail
D. show ip bgp prefix-list summary
E. show ip prefix-list detail
|
| Answer: | E. show ip prefix-list detail
|
| Explanation: | R1# show ip prefix-list detail allowed
ip prefix-list allowed:
Description: allowed-list
count: 1, range entries: 0, sequences: 10 - 10, refcount: 3
seq 10 permit 10.0.0.0/8 (hit count: 0, refcount: 1) |
|
| Question: | If we want to allow all prefixes between /8 and /16 how do we configure the prefix-list?
A. ip prefix-list test permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 le 16
B. ip prefix-list test permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 16 ge 8
C. ip prefix-list test permit 0.0.0.0 ge 8 le 16
D. ip prefix-list test permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 16
|
| Answer: | A. ip prefix-list test permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 le 16
|
| Explanation: | In order to allow all prefixes between /8 and /16 we use the ip prefix-list prefix_list_name permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 8 le 16 router configuration command. The ge value is the lower limit so the allowed/denied prefixes have to be greater in value then the ge value but smaller then the le value. Therefore we can say the le value is the upper limit for the prefixes. |
|
| Question: | Besides the weight attribute we can use another attribute to influence the path out of the AS when we have multiple paths. How do we achieve this?
A. bgp default next-hop ip_address
B. bgp default local-preference value
C. bgp local-preference value
D. bgp default AS_Path value
|
| Answer: | B. bgp default local-preference value
|
| Explanation: | We can use the bgp default local-preference router configuration command to inform the routers iBGP peers of the preferred exit path from the AS when there are multiple paths. The default value is 100. |
|
| Question: | How can we verify that certain BGP attributes (e.g. weight) have changed after configuration?
A. show ip bgp attributes
B. show ip bgp summary
C. show bgp attributes
D. show ip bgp
|
| Answer: | D. show ip bgp
|
| Explanation: | The show ip bgp command shows the BGP attributes and their values. This will verify any configuration changes made to tweak the BGP configuration. |
|
| Question: | How do we configure R1 to allow 10.1.0.0/16 to be processed by BGP?
A. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address prefix-list allowed in R1(config)#ip prefix-list allowed permit 10.1.0.0/16
B. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address prefix-list allowed in R1(config-if)#ip prefix-list allowed permit 10.1.0.0/16
C. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address prefix-list allowed in R1(config-router)#ip prefix-list allowed permit 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address prefix-list allowed in R1(config-router)#ip prefix-list permit 10.1.0.0/16
|
| Answer: | A. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address prefix-list allowed in R1(config)#ip prefix-list allowed permit 10.1.0.0/16
|
| Explanation: | To configure a router to use a prefix list as a filter in distributing routes we use the neighbor ip_address prefix-list prefix_list_name in | out router configuration command. To configure the prefix list we use the ip prefix-list name deny | permit network/len global configuration command. |
|
| Question: | We want to create a prefix list that denies all prefixes between 192.168.1.0/20 and 192.168.1.0/24. How do we achieve this?
A. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0/20 ge 24
B. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0/24 le 20
C. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0 ge 20 le 24
D. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0/20 le 24
E. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0/24 ge 20
|
| Answer: | D. ip prefix-list test deny 192.168.1.0/20 le 24
|
| Explanation: | When there is no ge value specified the prefix list uses only the prefixes between the len value and the le value. If no ge and le value is specified an exact match is assumed. |
|
| Question: | In a multihomed AS and accepting only the default route from the ISPs how does BGP select the best path to the external network?
A. By using the gateway with highest local-preference attribute.
B. By using the AS_Path attribute that selects the exit path to the Internet.
C. By using the Originator-ID attribute that selects the exit path to the Internet.
D. By using the gateway that advertised the route.
|
| Answer: | D. By using the gateway that advertised the route.
|
| Explanation: | In a multihomed AS and accepting only the default route from the ISPs BGP select the best path to the external network by using the gateway that is advertising the route. |
|
| Question: | If there are multiple paths to the same destination how can we influence them using the Ciscos proprietary attribute?
A. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address med value
B. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address local-preference value
C. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address weight value
D. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address remote-as as_number weight value
|
| Answer: | C. R1(config-router)#neighbor ip_address weight value
|
| Explanation: | Weight is Ciscos proprietary attribute in BGP. The higher the value of this attribute the better the path. We use the neighbor ip_address weight value router configuration command to change the weight attribute. The default value is 32768 and the range extends from 0 to 65535. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following BGP attributes are used in optimal path selection?
A. Originator ID
B. Community
C. Origin
D. Local Preference
E. Atomic Aggregate
F. Aggregator
G. Next Hop
|
| Answer: | C. Origin
D. Local Preference
G. Next Hop
|
| Explanation: | BGP uses the the following attributes in path selection:
- Origin
- AS_Path
- Next Hop
- Multiple Exit Discriminator
- Local Preference
- Weight |
|
| Question: | Which OSPF debug command can we use to view the DR selection?
A. debug ospf events
B. debug ip ospf summary
C. debug ip ospf events
D. debug ip ospf adjacencies
|
| Answer: | C. debug ip ospf events
|
| Explanation: | The debug ip ospf events command will display information on OSPF related events such as adjacencies, DR selection, flooding information, SPF calculation. |
|
| Question: | If we do not want to use an OSPF debug command but still want receive syslog messages when adjacencies are changed which command do we use?
A. log-adjacency
B. log-adjacency-all
C. log-adjacency-changes ospf
D. log-adjacency-changes
|
| Answer: | D. log-adjacency-changes
|
| Explanation: | The log-adjacency-changes router configuration command will send syslog messages when adjacencies are changed. This command requires less resources then the debug commands. |
|
| Question: | We want to know when the last time SPF was executed on our IS-IS router. Which command do we use?
A. show log
B. show is-is spf-log
C. show is-is spf
D. show clns spf-log
E. show clns spf
|
| Answer: | B. show is-is spf-log
|
| Explanation: | The show is-is spf-log command will display the last 20 occurences that triggered a SPF calculation on the router. |
|
| Question: | How can we display Sequence Number Packets in IS-IS?
A. debug is-is events
B. show is-is packet
C. debug is-is statistics
D. debug is-is update-packets
|
| Answer: | D. debug is-is update-packets
|
| Explanation: | The debug is-is update-packets will display sequence number packets (CSNP and PSNP) and LSPs that are detected by the router. |
|
| Question: | We want to see the Hellos exchanged by our EIGRP router. How do we achieve this?
A. debug eigrp neighbors
B. debug ip eigrp neighbors
C. debug ip eigrp
D. show ip eigrp
E. debug ip eigrp traffic
|
| Answer: | A. debug eigrp neighbors
|
| Explanation: | The debug eigrp neighbors command will display Hello packets sent and received by the router and neighbors discovered via this process. |
|
| Question: | We want to control the BGP traffic by filtering out autonomous systems. How can do this?
A. Use of Autonomous System path access-lists
B. Use of Autonomous System path prefix-lists
C. Use of Autonomous System path distribute-lists
D. Use of Extended access-lists
|
| Answer: | A. Use of Autonomous System path access-lists
|
| Explanation: | We can use AS Path access-list to filter on Autonomous Systems. |
|
| Question: | What can we minimize the effect of flapping BGP routes?
A. Implement route dampening
B. Nothing
C. Implement prefix-lists
D. Increase the time between Keepalive messages
|
| Answer: | A. Implement route dampening
|
| Explanation: | When a route starts flapping this a damaging to the BGP table because of the extra network traffic and CPU resources used by the router. By implementing route dampening a flapping route will be considered an ill-behaved route and will get a penalty every time it flaps. If the penalties exceed a configured limit that route will be dampened. |
|
| Question: | Which command can we use to verify the BGP peer is using the correct table version?
A. show bgp ip_address
B. show ip bgp table ip_address
C. show bgp neighbors ip_address
D. show ip bgp neighbors ip_address
|
| Answer: | D. show ip bgp neighbors ip_address
|
| Explanation: | The show ip bgp neighbors ip_address will display that the neighbors has been updated with that version of the primary BGP routing table. |
|
| Question: | If our BGP network consists of 15 routers and we want to make this a fully meshed network how many sessions would there be?
A. 100
B. 110
C. 105
D. 210
E. 225
|
| Answer: | C. 105
|
| Explanation: | We use the following formula to calculate the amount of sessions in a fully meshed network:
n(n-1)/2 in this case 15(15-1)/2 = 105 sessions. |
|
| Question: | Which command will advertise routes into the BGP process?
A. network network
B. neighbor network mask network_mask
C. network network network_mask
D. network network mask network_mask
|
| Answer: | D. network network mask network_mask
|
| Explanation: | The network network mask network_mask router configuration command will identify which networks to be advertised by BGP. |
|
| Question: | When there is no sharing of information between routing processes we call this ______________ ?
A. Areas
B. Redistribution-less
C. Ships in the night
D. Autonomous systems
|
| Answer: | C. Ships in the night
|
| Explanation: | When there is no sharing of network information between the routing processes it is referred to as ships in the night routing. |
|
| Question: | Why would there be more then 1 routing protocol running in the same organization?
A. Faster convergence
B. Smaller networks with different protocols are more stable
C. Transition between routing protocols
D. Host based solutions that need a different protocol
|
| Answer: | C. Transition between routing protocols
D. Host based solutions that need a different protocol
|
| Explanation: | Following are some reasons why an organization might run more then 1 routing protocol:
- It is transitioning between routing protocols
- It used to be a collection of small networks and are merging to 1 large network
- Host based solutions might require a different protocol, e.g. Unix hosts needing RIP to find gateways
- The organization has acquired another organization and the networks merge
- Different network administrator implemented different routing protocols
|
|
| Question: | The default seed metric of IS-IS is?
A. infinity
B. 20
C. 10
D. 0
|
| Answer: | D. 0
|
| Explanation: | | Routing Protocol | Default Seed Metric | Action | | RIP | infinity (since IOS 12.1) | no routes entered in the routing table | | IGRP | infinity | no routes entered in the routing table | | EIGRP | infintiy | no routes entered in the routing table | | IS-IS | 0 | routes entered in the routing table | | OSPF | 20 (type2) but from BGP 1(type 2) | routes entered in the routing table | | BGP | MED is given the IGP metric | routes entered in the routing table | |
|
| Question: | When a route is redistributed into another routing protocol without metrics defined it is assigned?
A. The metric remains the same
B. The same metric as the receiving protocol
C. The seed metric
D. The metric assigned is the average of metrics used by the receiving routing protocol
|
| Answer: | C. The seed metric
|
| Explanation: | The seed metric is assigned to all routes received into another routing protocol through redistribution. |
|
| Question: | How can we change the administrative distance of a routing protocol?
A. R1(config-router)#distance value default
B. R1(config-router)#administrative-distance value
C. R1(config-if)#distance value
D. R1(config-router)#distance value
|
| Answer: | D. R1(config-router)#distance value
|
| Explanation: | To change the administrative distance of a routing protocol we use the distance value router configuration command. |
|
| Question: | Which of the following statements about redistribution are true?
A. When a route is redistributed it inherits the administrative distance of the new routing protocol.
B. When a route is redistributed it inherits the metrics of the new routing protocol.
C. When more then 1 routing protocol is running on the router the route with the best administrative distance will be placed in the routing table.
D. When a route is redistributed the new routing protocol considers this route as an internal route.
|
| Answer: | A. When a route is redistributed it inherits the administrative distance of the new routing protocol.
C. When more then 1 routing protocol is running on the router the route with the best administrative distance will be placed in the routing table.
|
| Explanation: | The following rules are important to consider when using redistribution:
- When a route is redistributed it inherits the administrative distance of the new routing protocol.
- When more then 1 routing protocol is running on the router the route with the best administrative distance will be placed in the routing table.
- When a route is redistributed the new routing protocol considers this route as an external route.
- In order for a route to be redistributed it must have an entry in the routing protocol from where it originates |
|
| Question: | Which of the following could be problems occuring when using route redistribution?
A. Routing loops
B. Faster convergence
C. Suboptimal routing
D. Optimal routing
E. Simple configuration
|
| Answer: | A. Routing loops
C. Suboptimal routing
|
| Explanation: | Some of the problems that can occur when using route redistribution:
- Suboptimal routing could occur when the wrong or less efficient routing decision is made
- Routing loops could occur
- Convergence time of the network increases because of the different technologies used
- The decision-making process and the information sent within the protocols could incompatible and could lead to errors and complex configuration |
|
| Question: | In RIP, an interface that listens to updates but doesnt send any is a __________ interface.
A. quiet
B. silent
C. passive
D. dampened
|
| Answer: | C. passive
|
| Explanation: | A passive interface is an interface that doesnt participate in the routing process. In RIP and IGRP it will listen to updates but wont send any, in EIGRP and OSPF it will not send or listen to Hellos so no adjacencies will be formed. |
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| Question: | When redistributing in EIGRP and using the default-metric command, in what order are the composite metrics applied?
A. First,Second,Third,Fourth,Fifth
B. Bandwidth,Delay,Reliability,Loading,MTU
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